Normatização dos escores da escala eHealth Literacy Scale para avaliação do letramento digital em saúde / Standardization of eHealth Literacy Scale scores for assessing digital health literacy / Estandarización de las puntuaciones de la escala eHealth Literacy Scale para evaluar la alfabetización digital en salud

Objetivo: analisar os dados de normatização dos escores da versão brasileira do instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) para avaliação do letramento digital em saúde. Método: estudo transversal com 502 adultos brasileiros, realizado em 2019. Dados coletados pelo instrumento eHeals e questionário sociodemográfico. Foram aplicadas árvores de decisão e análise discriminante. Estudo aprovado pelo Comite de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a análise discriminante determinou as faixas de classificação do eHeals a partir da distribuição dos escores. A árvore de decisão indicou que a escolaridade afetou de forma relevante os resultados da escala. Os indivíduos com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental II incompleto: baixo (até 10), médio (11 a 25), alto (27 a 40), e escolaridade acima: baixo (até 25), médio (25 a 32) e alto LDS (33 a 40). Conclusão: a classificação dos níveis de letramento digital em saúde de adultos pelo eHeals deve ser controlada pelos níveis de escolaridade dos participantes.

Objective: to analyze the normative data of the scores of the Brazilian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) instrument for assessing digital health literacy. Method: cross-sectional study with 502 Brazilian adults in 2019. Data collected using the eHeals instrument and sociodemographic questionnaire. Decision trees and discriminant analysis were applied. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Discriminant analysis determined the eHeals classification ranges based on the distribution of scores. The decision tree indicated that education significantly affected the scale results. Thus, individuals with incomplete elementary school education up to II: low (up to 10), medium (11 to 25), high (27 to 40), and higher education: low (up to 25), medium (25 to 32) and high LDS (33 to 40). Conclusion: the classification of digital health literacy levels using eHeals in adults should be controlled by the participants' education levels.

Objetivo: analizar los datos de estandarización de las puntuaciones de la versión brasileña del instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) para evaluar la alfabetización digital en salud. Método: estudio transversal con 502 adultos brasileños que tuvo lugar en 2019. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante el instrumento eHeals y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se aplicaron árboles de decisión y análisis discriminante. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó el estudio. Resultados: El análisis discriminante determinó los rangos de clasificación de eHeals con base en la distribución de puntuaciones. El árbol de decisión indicó que la educación afectó significativamente los resultados de la escala. Individuos con educación primaria incompleta: baja (hasta 10), media (11 a 25), alta (27 a 40), y educación superior a esa mencionada: baja (hasta 25), media (25 a 32) y alto LDS (33 a 40). Conclusión: la clasificación de los niveles de alfabetización en salud digital en adultos con eHeals debe ser controlada por los niveles de educación de los participantes.

Construction and validity of a storyboard about breast cancer for women deprived of liberty.

OBJECTIVES: to build storyboards based on health literacy about breast cancer for women deprived of liberty for later production of videos and e-books. METHODS: a methodological study, construction and validity of storyboards with 10 expert judges. The Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and the Suitability Assessment of Materials were used. For validity, an agreement criterion greater than 80% was considered, verified from the Content Validation Index, with 40-100% for suitability. RESULTS: the storyboards' overall Content Validity Index was 0.99, combined with the measurement of suitability of 81% and readability percentage of 73.2, categorizing the material as superior and easy to read. CONCLUSIONS: the educational technology built proved to be valid and reliable, and can be transformed into an e-book and video to promote self-care for women deprived of liberty.

Association of coffee intake and its polyphenols with mammographic findings in women who visited the Brazilian Public Health Service / Asociación de la ingesta de café y sus polifenoles con hallazgos mamográficos en mujeres atendidas en el Servicio de Salud Pública de Brasil

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate if there is an association of intake of coffee and its polyphenols with mammographic findings in women treated at a breast care service unit of the Unified Health System (SUS), Brazil. Research methods and procedures: this was a cross-sectional study with 532 women treated at a health service. The participants were divided according to their mammographic reports into two groups: without and with altered findings. Two 24-h dietary recalls were applied and coffee consumption was categorized into three groups (less than 1 cup, 1 to 3 cups, and more than 3 cups). Phenolic acids were determined using the Phenol Explorer program. The intake of polyphenols was calculated by adding the values obtained from the total amount of coffee consumed during the day. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was applied to analyze the usual intake. Results: of the 532 women, 178 (33.5 %) had altered mammographic findings. The participants' average daily coffee intake was 193.4 mL. No significant association was found between coffee consumption and mammographic findings. However, it was found that the second tertile of polyphenols was a protective factor for breast changes. Conclusion: Coffee polyphenols are protective against breast changes in the group evaluated and, thus, can help prevent breast cancer. (AU)

Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si existe una asociación de la ingesta de café y sus polifenoles con los hallazgos mamográficos de mujeres tratadas en una unidad de patología mamaria del Sistema Unificado de Salud (SUS), Brasil. Métodos y procedimientos de investigación: este fue un estudio transversal con 532 mujeres tratadas en un servicio de salud. Las participantes se dividieron de acuerdo con sus informes mamográficos en dos grupos: sin y con hallazgos alterados. Se aplicaron dos registros dietéticos de 24 horas y el consumo de café se clasificó en tres grupos (menos de 1 taza, 1 a 3 tazas y más de 3 tazas). Los ácidos fenólicos se determinaron utilizando el programa Phenol Explorer. La ingesta de polifenoles se calculó sumando los valores obtenidos de la cantidad total de café consumido durante el día. Se aplicó el método de fuentes múltiples (MSM) para analizar la ingesta habitual. Resultados: de las 532 mujeres, 178 (33,5 %) tenían hallazgos mamográficos alterados. La ingesta diaria promedio de café de los participantes fue de 193,4 ml. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el consumo de café y los hallazgos mamográficos. Sin embargo, se encontró que el segundo tercil de polifenoles era un factor protector para los cambios mamarios. Conclusión: los polifenoles del café son protectores contra los cambios mamarios en el grupo evaluado y, por lo tanto, podrían ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama. (AU)

Previous gut microbiota has an effect on postprandial insulin response after intervention with yacon syrup as a source of fructooligosaccharides: a randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The use of prebiotics has an effect on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations; however, the interaction between the previous profile of the intestinal microbiota and the effect of supplementation with prebiotics is not clear. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of previous intestinal microbiota profile on the postprandial insulin response to yacon syrup, used as a source of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), in young women. The product presents high levels of FOS. METHODS: In this double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial, 40 adult women were allocated to receive a breakfast containing 40 g of yacon syrup (14 g FOS, intervention A) or a breakfast containing 40 g of placebo (intervention B). On each intervention day, after 12 h of fasting, an aliquot of blood was collected for insulin analysis at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. The fecal sample was collected before the beginning of the interventions, and the DNA was extracted and quantified, with subsequent amplification of the 16S region, next-generation sequencing, and analysis of sequencing data. RESULTS: The glucose and insulin concentrations were reduced after ingestion of yacon syrup compared with placebo, specifically at the 30 min to insulin. After the receiver operating characteristic analysis, six volunteers who did not respond to the yacon consumption intervention were identified. The abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria (P = 0.021) and the order Bifidobacteriales (P = 0.013) were positively associated with better insulin response. Other main phyla were not associated with intervention response. CONCLUSIONS: The previous profile of the intestinal microbiota has an effect on the postprandial insulin response to FOSs, mainly in the phylum Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriales order.

Association of coffee intake and its polyphenols with mammographic findings in women who visited the Brazilian Public Health Service.

Introduction: Objective: this study aimed to evaluate if there is an association of intake of coffee and its polyphenols with mammographic findings in women treated at a breast care service unit of the Unified Health System (SUS), Brazil. Research methods and procedures: this was a cross-sectional study with 532 women treated at a health service. The participants were divided according to their mammographic reports into two groups: without and with altered findings. Two 24-h dietary recalls were applied and coffee consumption was categorized into three groups (less than 1 cup, 1 to 3 cups, and more than 3 cups). Phenolic acids were determined using the Phenol Explorer program. The intake of polyphenols was calculated by adding the values obtained from the total amount of coffee consumed during the day. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was applied to analyze the usual intake. Results: of the 532 women, 178 (33.5 %) had altered mammographic findings. The participants' average daily coffee intake was 193.4 mL. No significant association was found between coffee consumption and mammographic findings. However, it was found that the second tertile of polyphenols was a protective factor for breast changes. Conclusion: Coffee polyphenols are protective against breast changes in the group evaluated and, thus, can help prevent breast cancer.

Introducción: Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si existe una asociación de la ingesta de café y sus polifenoles con los hallazgos mamográficos de mujeres tratadas en una unidad de patología mamaria del Sistema Unificado de Salud (SUS), Brasil. Métodos y procedimientos de investigación: este fue un estudio transversal con 532 mujeres tratadas en un servicio de salud. Las participantes se dividieron de acuerdo con sus informes mamográficos en dos grupos: sin y con hallazgos alterados. Se aplicaron dos registros dietéticos de 24 horas y el consumo de café se clasificó en tres grupos (menos de 1 taza, 1 a 3 tazas y más de 3 tazas). Los ácidos fenólicos se determinaron utilizando el programa Phenol Explorer. La ingesta de polifenoles se calculó sumando los valores obtenidos de la cantidad total de café consumido durante el día. Se aplicó el método de fuentes múltiples (MSM) para analizar la ingesta habitual. Resultados: de las 532 mujeres, 178 (33,5 %) tenían hallazgos mamográficos alterados. La ingesta diaria promedio de café de los participantes fue de 193,4 ml. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el consumo de café y los hallazgos mamográficos. Sin embargo, se encontró que el segundo tercil de polifenoles era un factor protector para los cambios mamarios. Conclusión: los polifenoles del café son protectores contra los cambios mamarios en el grupo evaluado y, por lo tanto, podrían ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama.

Construction and validity of a storyboard about breast cancer for women deprived of liberty / Construcción y validación de un storyboard sobre cáncer de mama para mujeres privadas de libertad / Construção e validação de storyboard sobre câncer de mama para mulheres privadas de liberdade

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build storyboards based on health literacy about breast cancer for women deprived of liberty for later production of videos and e-books. Methods: a methodological study, construction and validity of storyboards with 10 expert judges. The Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and the Suitability Assessment of Materials were used. For validity, an agreement criterion greater than 80% was considered, verified from the Content Validation Index, with 40-100% for suitability. Results: the storyboards' overall Content Validity Index was 0.99, combined with the measurement of suitability of 81% and readability percentage of 73.2, categorizing the material as superior and easy to read. Conclusions: the educational technology built proved to be valid and reliable, and can be transformed into an e-book and video to promote self-care for women deprived of liberty.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir storyboards basados en alfabetización en salud sobre cáncer de mama para mujeres privadas de libertad para la posterior producción de videos y e-books. Métodos: estudio metodológico, construcción y validación de storyboards con 10 jueces expertos. Se utilizaron el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido de Educación en Salud y el Suitability Assessment of Materials. Para la validación se consideró un criterio de concordancia superior al 80%, verificado a partir del Índice de Validación de Contenido, con 40-100% de adecuación. Resultados: el Índice de Validación de Contenido general de los storyboards fue de 0,99, combinado con la medida de adecuación de 81% y porcentaje de legibilidad de 73,2 categorizando el material como superior y fácil de leer. Conclusiones: la tecnología educativa construida demostró ser válida y confiable, y puede transformarse en un e-book y un video para promover el autocuidado de las mujeres privadas de libertad.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir storyboards fundamentados no letramento em saúde sobre câncer de mama para mulheres privadas de liberdade para produção posterior de vídeos e e-books. Métodos: estudo metodológico, de construção e validação de storyboards com 10 juízes experts. Foram utilizados o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde e o Suitability Assessment of Materials. Considerou-se, para validação, o critério de concordância superior a 80%, verificado a partir do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo, com 40-100% para adequação. Resultados: o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo geral dos storyboards foi de 0,99, aliado à mensuração da adequação de 81% e percentual de legibilidade de 73,2, categorizando o material como superior e de fácil leitura. Conclusões: a tecnologia educativa construída mostrou-se válida e confiável, podendo ser transformada em e-book e vídeo para a promoção do autocuidado de mulheres privadas de liberdade.

Medidas comportamentais de prevenção à COVID-19 e letramento em saúde / Behavioral measures for the prevention of COVID-19 and health literacy

Resumo Introdução A prevenção da infecção pelo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) é propagada pela mídia e recomendada pelos órgãos oficiais de saúde pública. Entretanto, há desafios para adoção de medidas comportamentais de prevenção, sendo o letramento em saúde (LS) uma preocupação que deve permear essas ações de comunicação na saúde. Objetivo Discutir o impacto que um baixo LS da população tem na compreensão e adesão às orientações relativas à prevenção da SARS-CoV-2. Método Trata-se de uma reflexão que resgata, na literatura especializada, o conceito e os fundamentos do LS, as principais orientações de prevenção da SARS-CoV-2 e como operacionalizar orientações letradas em saúde. Resultados A literatura aponta que o baixo LS dos indivíduos repercute negativamente no empoderamento e na operacionalização de informações de saúde recebidas. Não adianta a elaboração de ações educativas se a população não entende e/ou não percebe a importância de se adequar a essas propostas. Os fundamentos do LS são apresentados em guias de comunicação oral, escrita e midiática. Há ferramentas e estratégias para melhor compor uma mensagem educativa segundo o LS. Conclusão É recomendável generalizar que a população tem um letramento inadequado, para deixarmos muito claras as mensagens que transmitimos. Isto é possível seguindo os fundamentos do LS.

Abstract Background Prevention of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is propagated by the media and recommended by official public health bodies. However, there are challenges for the adoption of preventive behavioral measures, with health literacy (HL) being a concern that must permeate these health communication actions. Objective To discuss the impact that a low LS of the population has on the understanding and adherence to guidelines regarding the prevention of SARS-CoV-2. Method This is a reflection that rescues, in the specialized literature, the concept and fundamentals of the LS, the main SARS-CoV-2 prevention guidelines and how to operationalize literate health guidelines. Results The literature points out that the low HL of individuals has a negative impact on empowerment and on the operationalization of received health information. There is no point in developing educational actions if the population does not understand and/or does not perceive the importance of adapting to these proposals. The fundamentals of LS are presented in oral, written and media communication guides. There are tools and strategies to better compose an educational message according to the LS. Conclusion It is recommended to generalize that the population has inadequate literacy, so that we can make the messages we transmit very clear. This is possible by following the fundamentals of LS.

Health educational technology for incarcerated women in the light of health literacy / Tecnología educativa en salud para mujeres privadas de libertad, a la luz de la alfabetización en salud / Tecnologia educativa sobre saúde para mulheres privadas de liberdade à luz do letramento em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content of educational videos for incarcerated women, in the light of health literacy. Method: methodological study with development of three videos for incarcerated women with themes chosen by them (Menstrual Cycle, Arterial Hypertension and Epilepsy), developed in four stages: construction of storyboards, validation by expert judges, construction of videos and validation by the public. The validation process was performed by seven judges with the Health Educational Content Validation Instrument, the Suitability Assessment of Materials and readability analysis. For approval, it was established that the agreement between judges should be higher than 80%, and the adequacy, according to the SAM, should be 40-100%. The incarcerated women evaluated the videos in August 2022, in a women's public prison in Ceará, using the Assistive Technology Assessment Instrument, considering the level of agreement of the positive responses above 70%. Results: the validation instrument result of the storyboards ranged from 0.92 to 1.0. In the Suitability Assessment, a percentage of 85.2% to 88.8% was reached, categorizing the materials as superior. As for readability, the values obtained (70.9 to 78.1) place the texts as easy or very easy to read. The evaluation by the target audience showed that the videos were adequate (97.8-100%). Conclusion: the three videos constructed were suitable for incarcerated women, with evidence of content validity and may be used in health education actions for this public.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar el contenido de videos educativos para mujeres privadas de libertad, a la luz de la alfabetización en salud. Método: estudio metodológico con la elaboración de tres videos para mujeres privadas de libertad, con temáticas elegidas por ellas (Ciclo Menstrual, Hipertensión Arterial y Epilepsia), desarrollados en cuatro etapas: construcción de storyboards, validación por jueces expertos, construcción de videos y validación por el publico El proceso de validación fue realizado por siete jueces utilizando el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido de Educación en Salud, la Evaluación de Idoneidad de Materiales y el análisis de legibilidad. Para su aprobación se estableció que la concordancia entre jueces debe ser superior al 80%, y la adecuación, según la Evaliación de Idoneidad, debe ser del 40-100%. Las mujeres privadas de libertad evaluaron los videos en agosto de 2022, en una prisión pública femenina de Ceará, utilizando el Instrumento de Evaluación de Tecnología Asistiva, considerando el nivel de acuerdo de respuestas positivas superior al 70%. Resultados: el resultado de la Herramienta de Validación de los guiones gráficos osciló entre 0,92 y 1,0. En la Evaluación de la idoneidad se alcanzó un porcentaje de 85,2% a 88,8% categorizando a los materiales como superiores. En cuanto a la legibilidad, los valores obtenidos (70,9 a 78,1) sitúan a los textos como fáciles o muy fáciles de leer. La evaluación por parte del público objetivo mostró que los videos eran adecuados (97,8-100%). Conclusión: los tres videos construidos fueron aptos para mujeres privadas de libertad, con evidencias de validez de contenido y podrían ser utilizados en acciones de educación en salud para ese público.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo de vídeos educativos para mulheres privadas de liberdade, à luz do letramento em saúde. Método: estudo metodológico com desenvolvimento de três vídeos para mulheres privadas de liberdade, com temas por elas escolhidos (Ciclo Menstrual, Hipertensão Arterial e Epilepsia), desenvolvidos em quatro etapas: construção dos storyboards, validação por juízes experts, construção dos vídeos e validação pelo público. O processo de validação foi realizado por sete juízes com o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, o Suitability Assessment of Materials e análise de legibilidade. Para aprovação, foi estabelecido que a concordância entre juízes devia ser superior a 80%, e a adequação, segundo o Instrumento, devia ser de 40-100%. As mulheres apenadas avaliaram os vídeos em agosto de 2022, em uma cadeia pública feminina do Ceará, com uso do Instrumento para Avaliação de Tecnologia Assistiva, considerando o nível de concordância das respostas positivas acima de 70%. Resultados: o resultado do Instrumento de validação dos storyboards variou de 0,92 a 1,0. Na Avaliação de adequação atingiu-se percentual de 85,2% a 88,8%, categorizando os materiais como superior. Quanto à legibilidade, os valores obtidos (70,9 a 78,1) colocam os textos como fáceis ou muito fáceis de ler. A avaliação pelo público-alvo demonstrou que os vídeos estavam adequados (97,8-100%). Conclusão: os três vídeos construídos mostraram-se adequados às mulheres privadas de liberdade, com evidências de validade de conteúdo e poderão ser utilizados em ações de educação em saúde para este público.

Construction and validation of educational videos for adolescents with Down Syndrome based on health literacy - LISA Down Program / Construção e validação de vídeos educativos para adolescentes com síndrome de down fundamentados no letramento em saúde - Programa LISA Down

Abstract Objectives: to construct and validate educational videos as part of the LISA Down Program - Literacy and Innovation in Health for Adolescents with Down Syndrome. Methods: this is a methodological study of construction and validation of educational videos based on health literacy designed for adolescents with Down syndrome, assisted by an Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) (Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional) located in the Northeast of Brazil. The stages of construction and validation of the vídeos were: pre-production, production and post-production. The storyboards were prepared according to the fundamentals of health literacy and validated by seven expert judges. Subsequently, the storyboards were transformed into videos (production) and these were evaluated by 13 adolescents with Down Syndrome (postproduction). Results: the storyboards totaled 248 scenes, ranging from 39 to 67 scenes each, were approved by the judges with percentages of agreement ranging from 94% to 100%. The vídeos recorded were approved by adolescentes with Down syndrome, in agreement of percentages ranging from 79.17% to 83.33%. Conclusion: the educational vídeos were validated and well evaluated and, therefore, can be used among adolescents in social spaces in which the focus of attention is adolescentes with Down syndrome.

Resumo Objetivos: construir e validar vídeos educativos como parte do Programa LISA Down- Letramento e Inovação em Saúde para Adolescentes com Síndrome de Down. Métodos: trata-se de estudo metodológico de construção e validação de vídeos educativos fundamentados no letramento em saúde arquitetados para adolescentes com síndrome de Down, atendidos por uma Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), localizada no Nordeste brasileiro. As etapas da construção e validação dos vídeos foram: pré-produção, produção e pósprodução. Os storyboards foram elaborados de acordo com os fundamentos do letramento em saúde e validados por sete juízes especialistas. Na sequência os storyboards foram transformados em vídeos (produção) e estes foram avaliados por 13 adolescentes com Síndrome de Down (pós-produção). Resultados: os storyboards totalizaram 248 cenas, variando de 39 a 67 cenas cada um, foram aprovados pelos juízes com percentuais de concordância que variaram de 94% a 100%. Os vídeos gravados foram aprovados pelos adolescentes com síndrome de Down, com percentuais de concordância que variaram de 79,17% a 83,33%. Conclusão: os vídeos educativos foram validados e bem avaliados e, portanto, podem ser utilizados entre adolescentes em espaços sociais nos quais o foco da atenção sejam os adolescentes com síndrome de Down.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short form.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese Brazilian version of the instrument for measuring health literacy European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short form (HLS-EU-Q16). The study sample consisted of 783 Brazilian adults with a mean age of 38.6 years. The data were analyzed through an extensive and robust process of testing the properties with the combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) techniques, aiming to search for strong validation evidence in the internal structure and stability step for other sub-samples. The instrument's reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. The analyses indicated the existence of only one dimension and good reliability values. The model tested with cross-validation indicated satisfactory, adequate, consistent and stable levels for EFA, IRT via item discrimination and CFA, both for primary indicators as factor loadings, communalities, item discrimination as well as for the model adequacy indicators. It is concluded that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the HLS-EU-Q16 proved to be a one-dimensional, consistent, accurate and stable model for measuring health literacy in Brazilian adults.

Health literacy (HL) is a field of scientific knowledge that has been related to the knowledge and skills of people to access, understand, evaluate and apply information in health. Among the currently existing instruments for measuring the HL construct in its broader aspects, involving multidimensional characteristics, there is the short version of European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16). The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the HL instrument European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire in its short form, also known as HLS-EU-Q16. The instrument was applied to a sample of 783 Brazilian adults. Our results demonstrated that the Brazilian version of HLS-EU-Q16 presented good psychometric properties to measure HL in Brazilian adults.

Cultural adaptation and content validity evidence of the Nutritional Literacy Scale Brazilian version.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evidence of content validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS) after the cultural adaptation process. METHODS: Psychometric study of 1,197 users of the National Health Service (Brazilian SUS). The NLS was culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and six items of the original scale were modified to improve its understanding, giving rise to the Brazilian version of the scale named NLS-BR. The analysis of evidence of content validity of the NLS-BR was performed using the Item Response Theory (IRT). RESULTS: The final version of the NLS-BR had 23 items and proved to be adequate to assess nutritional literacy in adults assisted by the Brazilian SUS. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The NLS-BR proved to be of adequate understanding and demonstrated evidence of content validity and reliability for users of the Brazilian SUS.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System: temporal trend of coverage and nutritional status of adults registered on the system, Brazil, 2008-2019. / Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional: tendência temporal da cobertura e estado nutricional de adultos registrados, 2008-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage and nutritional status of adults undergoing follow-up in the Brazilian Primary Health Care, 2008-2019. METHODS: This was an ecological time series study using data on Brazilian macro-regions. The annual percent change in the classification of nutritional status and total coverage was estimated using the Prais-Winsten regression model. RESULTS: A total of 115,034,534 records were identified in the period. Coverage increased from 5.0% in 2008 to 10.6% in 2019, with an annual change of 8.4%, 95% confidence interval (95%CI 6.7;10.0). Obesity and overweight showed a rising trend between 2008 and 2019, with an annual change of 6.4% (95%CI 5.3;7.3) and (1.8%; 95%CI 1.2;2.5) respectively, while underweight (-7.0%; 95%CI -8.0;-6.1) and eutrophy (-3.8%; 95%CI -4.1;-3.4) decreased in the period. CONCLUSION: There was an improvement in SISVAN coverage, with an increase in overweight and obesity among the population studied.

Higher carbohydrate quality index is associated with better adequate micronutrient consumption in Brazilian women.

Introduction: Introduction: inadequate consumption of micronutrients is an emerging public health problem that can compromise health. Objectives: to assess whether the quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with the consumption of 13 micronutrients in a sample of women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 648 women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. The association between quality of dietary carbohydrates and adequacy of consumption of 13 micronutrients was investigated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: the consumption of micronutrients increased as the quality of carbohydrates improved. The micronutrients with the highest prevalence of inadequate intake were vitamin A, magnesium, manganese, and thiamine. After adjustments using logistic regression models, women in the third tertile of the carbohydrate quality index were less likely to have an inadequate consumption of magnesium (odds ratio (OR), 0.29; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.59), manganese (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21-0.49), and copper (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.37). Conclusions: intake of a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with improved adequacy in consumption of most micronutrients in women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System, especially magnesium, manganese, and copper, after adjustment using regression models.

Introducción: Introducción: el consumo inadecuado de micronutrientes es un problema de salud pública emergente que puede comprometer la salud. Objetivo: evaluar si la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta está asociada con el consumo de 13 micronutrientes en una muestra de mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 648 mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. La asociación entre la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta y la adecuación del consumo de 13 micronutrientes se investigó mediante modelos de regresión logística ajustados por posibles variables de confusión. Resultados: el consumo de micronutrientes aumentó a medida que mejoraba la calidad de los carbohidratos. Los micronutrientes con mayor prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada fueron: vitamina A, magnesio, manganeso y tiamina. Después de los ajustes mediante modelos de regresión logística, las mujeres del tercer tercil del índice de calidad de carbohidratos tenían menos probabilidades de tener un consumo inadecuado de magnesio (odds ratio (OR): 0,29; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %: 0,14-0,59), manganeso (OR: 0,32 ; IC del 95 %: 0,21 a 0,49) y cobre (OR: 0,22; IC del 95 %: 0,12 a 0,37). Conclusiones: la ingesta de una mayor calidad de carbohidratos en la dieta se asocia con una mejor adecuación en el consumo de la mayoría de los micronutrientes en mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, especialmente magnesio, manganeso y cobre, después del ajuste mediante modelos de regresión.

Food and Nutritional Surveillance System: temporal trend of coverage and nutritional status of adults registered, 2008-2019 / Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional: tendencia temporal de la cobertura y estado nutricional de los adultos registrados, 2008- 2019 / Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional: tendência temporal da cobertura e estado nutricional de adultos registrados, 2008-2019

Objective: To analyze temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage and nutritional status of adults followed up in Primary Health Care in Brazil, 2008-2019. Methods: Ecological time series study with data from Brazilian macro-regions. Annual percent change in nutritional status classification and total coverage were estimated by Prais-Winsten regression. Results: 115,034,534 records were identified in the period. The coverage was from 5.0% in 2008 to 10.6% in 2019, with an annual change of 8.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 6.7;10.0). Obesity showed an increasing trend between 2008 and 2019, with an annual change of 6.4% (95%CI 5.3;7.3), as did overweight (1.8% ­ 95%CI 1.2;2.5). Underweight (-7.0% ­ 95%CI -8.0;-6.1) and eutrophy (-3.8% ­ 95%CI -4.1;-3.4) decreased in the period. Conclusion: An improvement in SISVAN coverage was identified, but accompanied by an increase in overweight and obesity.

Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de la cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) y del estado nutricional de los adultos acompañados en la Atención Primaria de Brasil, 2008-2019. Métodos: Estudio de series temporales ecológico con datos de macrorregiones brasileñas. La variación porcentual anual del estado nutricional y la cobertura total se estimaron mediante regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Fueran 115.034.534 registros en el periodo. La cobertura pasó del 5,0% en 2008 al 10,6% en 2019, con una variación anual del 8,4% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 6,7;10,0). La obesidad mostró tendencia creciente entre 2008 y 2019, con variación anual del 6,4% (IC95% 5,3;7,3), al igual que el sobrepeso (1,8% ­ IC95% 1,2;2,5). El bajo peso (-7,0% ­ IC95% -8,0;-6,1) y la eutrofia (-3,8% ­ IC95% -4,1;-3,4) disminuyeron en el periodo. Conclusión: Se identificó mejora en la cobertura del SISVAN, pero acompañada de un aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad.

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) e do estado nutricional, entre adultos acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde do Brasil, 2008-2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, sobre dados das macrorregiões brasileiras. A variação percentual anual da classificação do estado nutricional e da cobertura total foi estimada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram identificados 115.034.534 registros no período. A cobertura passou de 5,0% em 2008 para 10,6% em 2019, com variação anual de 8,4% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 6,7;10,0). A obesidade apresentou tendência crescente entre 2008 e 2019, com variação anual de 6,4% (IC95% 5,3;7,3), assim como o sobrepeso (1,8%­ IC95% 1,2;2,5). Já o baixo peso (-7,0% ­ IC95% -8,0;-6,1) e a eutrofia (-3,8% ­ IC95% -4,1;-3,4) decresceram no período. Conclusão: Identificou-se melhora na cobertura do SISVAN, tendo-se observado aumento de excesso de peso e obesidade na população estudada.

Women with Abnormal Mammographic Findings and High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio have the Worst Dietary Carbohydrate Quality Index.

INTRODUCTION: There are gaps in knowledge in breast cancer prevention studies focusing on interactions among mammographic findings, inflammation, and diet, especially those related to carbohydrates. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the association among mammographic findings, inflammatory markers, and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) in women. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study of 532 women assisted in a healthcare service. The enrolled women were divided into two groups according to their mammographic findings: those without and those with abnormal mammographic findings. Two 24-hour dietary reminders were applied, and CQI was determined based on four components: fibers, glycemic index, ratio between whole and total grains, and ratio between solid and total carbohydrates. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated as an inflammatory marker. RESULTS: There were 178 (33.5%) women with abnormal mammographic findings, and 20 (3.8%) had NLR. There was no association between CQI and mammographic findings and NLR. Women with abnormal mammographic findings and high NLR had lower CQI (p = 0.039) and lower whole total ratio (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Women with abnormal findings and high NLR had worse CQI and worse overall total grain ratio.

Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional: tendência temporal da cobertura e estado nutricional de adultos registrados, 2008-2019 / Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional: tendencia temporal de la cobertura y estado nutricional de los adultos registrados, Brasil, 2008-2019 / Food and Nutrition Surveillance System: temporal trend of coverage and nutritional status of adults registered on the system, Brazil, 2008-2019

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e do estado nutricional, entre adultos acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde do Brasil, 2008-2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, sobre dados das macrorregiões brasileiras. A variação percentual anual da classificação do estado nutricional e da cobertura total foi estimada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram identificados 115.034.534 registros no período. A cobertura passou de 5,0% em 2008 para 10,6% em 2019, com variação anual de 8,4%, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95% 6,7;10,0) A obesidade apresentou tendência crescente entre 2008 e 2019, com variação anual de 6,4% (IC95% 5,3;7,3), assim como o sobrepeso (1,8%; IC95% 1,2;2,5). Já o baixo peso (-7,0%; IC95% -8,0;-6,1) e a eutrofia (-3,8%; IC95% -4,1;-3,4) decresceram no período. Conclusão: Identificou-se melhora na cobertura do Sisvan, tendo-se observado aumento de excesso de peso e obesidade na população estudada.

Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de la cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (Sisvan) y del estado nutricional de los adultos acompañados en la Atención Primaria de Brasil, 2008-2019. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de series emporales con datos de las macrorregiones brasileñas. La variación porcentual anual del estado nutricional y la cobertura total se estimaron mediante regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Fueran 115.034.534 registros en el periodo. La cobertura pasó del 5,0% en 2008 al 10,6% en 2019, con una variación anual del 8,4%, intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95% 6,7;10,0). La obesidad mostró tendencia creciente entre 2008 y 2019, con variación anual del 6,4% (IC95% 5,3;7,3), al igual que el sobrepeso (1,8%; IC95% 1,2;2,5). El bajo peso (-7,0%; IC95% -8,0; -6,1) y la eutrofia (-3,8%; IC95% -4,1; -3,4) disminuyeron en el periodo. Conclusión: Se identificó mejora en la cobertura del Sisvan, pero acompañada de un aumento del sobrepeso y de obesidad.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage and nutritional status of adults undergoing follow-up in the Brazilian Primary Health Care, 2008-2019. Methods: This was an ecological time series study using data on Brazilian macro-regions. The annual percent change in the classification of nutritional status and total coverage was estimated using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Results: A total of 115,034,534 records were identified in the period. Coverage increased from 5.0% in 2008 to 10.6% in 2019, with an annual change of 8.4%, 95% confidence interval (95%CI 6.7;10.0). Obesity and overweight showed a rising trend between 2008 and 2019, with an annual change of 6.4% (95%CI 5.3;7.3) and (1.8%; 95%CI 1.2;2.5) respectively, while underweight (-7.0%; 95%CI -8.0;-6.1) and eutrophy (-3.8%; 95%CI -4.1;-3.4) decreased in the period. Conclusion: There was an improvement in SISVAN coverage, with an increase in overweight and obesity among the population studied.

Evaluating the psychometric properties of the eHealth Literacy Scale in Brazilian adults / Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale en adultos brasileños / Avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale em adultos brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and adapt the eHealth Literacy Scale for the cultural reality of Brazil and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Brazilian Portuguese version. Methods: The instrument was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and applied to a sample of 502 individuals from 18 to 80 years old who lived in the surrounding areas of six Family Health Units of a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, and instrument reliability measures (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega). Results: The eHealth Literacy Scale - Brazilian version (eHEALS-Br) presented an excellent internal consistency (α = 0.95 e ω = 0.95), with only one dimension and an explained variation of 81.79%. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed excellent psychometric properties to measure the levels of digital health literacy in adults from the country.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar la eHealth Literacy Scale a realidad cultural Brasileña y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués brasileño. Métodos: El instrumento fue traducido y adaptado al portugués brasileño y, en seguida, aplicado en una muestra de 502 individuos entre 18 y 80 años residentes en áreas cercas a seis Unidades de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante análisis factorial exploratoria y confirmatoria, Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y confiabilidad del instrumento (alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald). Resultados: El instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale - versión brasileña (eHEALS-Br) presentó excelente consistencia interna (α = 0,95 y ω = 0,95), apenas una dimensión y variancia explicada de 81,79%. Conclusiones: La versión brasileña del instrumento mostró excelentes propiedades psicométricas para contraste de los niveles de alfabetización digital en salud en adultos del nuestro país.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar a eHealth Literacy Scale para a realidade cultural do Brasil e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas da versão em português brasileiro. Métodos: O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado ao português brasileiro e, em seguida, aplicado em uma amostra de 502 indivíduos entre 18 e 80 anos residentes em áreas circunvizinhas a seis Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram avaliados mediante análises fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, Teoria de Resposta ao Item e confiabilidade do instrumento (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald). Resultados: O instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale - versão brasileira (eHEALS-Br) apresentou excelente consistência interna (α = 0,95 e ω = 0,95), apenas uma dimensão e variância explicada de 81,79%. Conclusões: A versão brasileira do instrumento mostrou excelentes propriedades psicométricas para aferição dos níveis de letramento digital em saúde em adultos do nosso país.

Cultural adaptation and content validity evidence of the Nutritional Literacy Scale Brazilian version / Adaptación cultural y evidencia de la validez de contenido de la Nutritional Literacy Scale versión brasileña / Adaptação cultural e evidências de validade de conteúdo da Nutritional Literacy Scale versão brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the evidence of content validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS) after the cultural adaptation process. Methods: Psychometric study of 1,197 users of the National Health Service (Brazilian SUS). The NLS was culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and six items of the original scale were modified to improve its understanding, giving rise to the Brazilian version of the scale named NLS-BR. The analysis of evidence of content validity of the NLS-BR was performed using the Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The final version of the NLS-BR had 23 items and proved to be adequate to assess nutritional literacy in adults assisted by the Brazilian SUS. Final considerations: The NLS-BR proved to be of adequate understanding and demonstrated evidence of content validity and reliability for users of the Brazilian SUS.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar las evidencias de la validez de contenido y confiabilidad de la versión brasileña de la Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS) después del proceso de adaptación cultural. Métodos: Estudio psicométrico con 1197 usuarios del Servicio Nacional de Salud (SUS brasileño). La NLS fue adaptada culturalmente al portugués brasileño y seis ítems de la escala original fueron modificados para mejorar su comprensión, dando origen a la versión brasileña de la escala, denominada NLS-BR. El análisis de evidencia de validez de contenido del NLS-BR se realizó utilizando la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). Resultados: La versión final de la escala NLS-BR tenía 23 ítems y se mostró adecuada para evaluar la educación nutricional en adultos atendidos en el SUS brasileño. Consideraciones finales: La escala NLS-BR demostró ser de comprensión adecuada y tener evidencias de validez de contenido y confiabilidad para los usuarios del SUS brasileño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar evidências de validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS) após processo de adaptação cultural. Métodos: Estudo psicométrico com 1197 usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A NLS foi adaptada culturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e seis itens da escala original foram modificados para melhorar seu entendimento, originando a versão brasileira da escala, denominada NLS-BR. A análise das evidências de validade de conteúdo da NLS-BR se deu via Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Resultados: A versão final da NLS-BR ficou com 23 itens e se mostrou adequada para avaliar letramento nutricional em adultos brasileiros atendidos pelo SUS. Considerações finais: A NLS-BR mostrou-se de entendimento adequado, podendo ser considerada com evidências de validade de conteúdo e dotada de confiabilidade para usuários do SUS.

Evaluating the psychometric properties of the eHealth Literacy Scale in Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the eHealth Literacy Scale for the cultural reality of Brazil and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Brazilian Portuguese version. METHODS: The instrument was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and applied to a sample of 502 individuals from 18 to 80 years old who lived in the surrounding areas of six Family Health Units of a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, and instrument reliability measures (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega). RESULTS: The eHealth Literacy Scale - Brazilian version (eHEALS-Br) presented an excellent internal consistency (α = 0.95 e ω = 0.95), with only one dimension and an explained variation of 81.79%. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed excellent psychometric properties to measure the levels of digital health literacy in adults from the country.